This marked Pope Francis’ first public appearance since February 14, following his hospitalization for double pneumonia and other complications.
Pope Francis made a brief yet emotional appearance on the Gemelli hospital balcony before his discharge on Sunday, March 23. He was smiling and waving to well-wishers who had gathered to see him. Photos and videos of him circulated online, prompting a flurry of reactions from concerned fans.

A fan comments on Pope Francis’ appearance after his hospital admission, from a post dated March 23, 2025 | Source: Instagram/skynews
A wheelchair carried Pope Francis to the balcony, and under his white cassock, bandages were visible on both arms. Despite his frail condition, the 88-year-old pontiff greeted the crowd, his voice noticeably weak.
Among the well-wishers was 79-year-old Carmela Vittoria Mancuso, who had visited the hospital daily during the pope’s treatment. Holding a bouquet of yellow flowers, she was visibly moved when Pope Francis acknowledged her, later sharing that her heart “was bursting” at the moment.

Pope Francis appears on his balcony to speak to the crowds at the Gemelli hospital in Rome, Italy, on March 23, 2025 | Source: Getty Images
After greeting the crowd from the balcony, the pontiff left Rome’s Gemelli hospital around noon on Sunday. His car, escorted by police, made a brief stop at the Basilica of Saint Mary Major in Rome, where he left flowers as a gesture of devotion.

Pope Francis leaves the Gemelli hospital, the first time he has appeared in public since being admitted to hospital in Rome, Italy, on March 23, 2025 | Source: Getty Images

Pope Francis greets and blesses the faithful from a balcony of the Gemelli Hospital in Rome, Italy, on March 23, 2025 | Source: Getty Images
His first public appearance since February 14 sparked a wave of online reactions as fans commented on his changed appearance. Some struggled to recognize him, with one asking, “It is him?” and another person remarking, “He looks very different.”

Pope Francis greets and blesses the faithful from a balcony of the Gemelli Hospital in Rome, Italy, on March 23, 2025 | Source: Getty Images
Other people insisted, “That is not the same person” with more concurring, “That’s not him.” His well-being also sparked worry, with one person commenting, “Looks exhausted,” while another netizen sympathized, “Poor man. He’s so frail.” Many individuals simply wished him well, with one pleading, “Omg…let him rest!”

A man prays below the sculpture of St. John Paul II at the main entrance of the Policlinico A. Gemelli Hospital where Pope Francis is being cared for in Rome, Italy, on March 13, 2025 | Source: Getty Images
Though the pope is back at the Vatican, his doctors have advised that his recovery will take time. They have recommended two months of rest and cautioned against large or strenuous gatherings. With his schedule uncertain, it remains to be seen how much activity Pope Francis will resume in the coming months.

Pope Francis greets and blesses the faithful from a balcony of the Gemelli Hospital in Rome, Italy, on March 23, 2025 | Source: Getty Images
While he was breathing on his own during his recent appearance, he used a small oxygen hose under his nose while traveling in his car. Furthermore, his health condition had been so serious that he had been receiving oxygen to help him breathe throughout his hospital stay.

Pope Francis leaves the Gemelli hospital, the first time he has appeared in public since being admitted to hospital in Rome, Italy, on March 23, 2025 | Source: Getty Images
During his hospital stay, Pope Francis was only seen publicly once in a Vatican-released photo showing him praying in a hospital chapel. As his health declined, the Vatican faced mounting questions about what would happen next as it came to light that the pontiff quietly signed a resignation letter to be enacted if he ever became incapacitated.

Pope Francis during the Easter Mass at the St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City, on April 12, 2020 | Source: Getty Images
Pope Francis signed the resignation letter in 2013, leading to lots of questions. What does the letter mean? How severe was the Pope’s condition? What would happen if he stepped down or passed away? And how was the Vatican preparing for such a historic moment?

A woman placing a candle in front of an image of Pope Francis outside the Basilica de Guadalupe, in Mexico City, Mexico, on February 23, 2025 | Source: Getty Images
Pope Francis’ resignation letter was intended to be enacted in the event of incapacitation, a move with little precedent in modern papal history.
While his recent hospitalization and frail condition raised speculation about whether this letter might soon take effect, reports indicated that the Pope had accepted that “the end of his earthly life is very close,” making a formal resignation seem unnecessary.

Pope Francis arriving to celebrate the mass for the Jubilee of the Armed Forces at St. Peter’s square in Vatican City on February 9, 2025 | Source: Getty Images
The Vatican did not confirm any plans to invoke the resignation letter, but if it had happened, it would have set in motion a highly structured process.
According to The Australian’s chief leader writer, Tess Livingstone, the first steps following a papal resignation or death would include the destruction of the Pope’s ring and seal of office to prevent misuse.
Nine days of mourning, known as novendiales, would follow, accompanied by masses for the repose of his soul.
Pope Francis, however, has opted to be buried not in the Vatican but in the Basilica of St. Mary Major, a historic and revered church dedicated to the Virgin Mary, located just outside the Vatican’s walls.

Statues outside The Basilica of St. Mary Major in Rome, Italy | Source: Getty Images
In a December 12, 2023 interview with Mexican news outlet N+, the Pope, in good spirits, openly discussed his funeral plans. He revealed that he had already spoken with Archbishop Diego Giovanni Ravelli, his master of liturgical ceremonies, about the arrangements.

Pope Francis photographed with King Philippe and Queen Mathilde of Belgium at Laeken Castle in Brussels, Belgium, on September 27, 2024 | Source: Getty Images
“We simplified them quite a bit,” he said before jokingly adding, “I will premiere the new ritual.” This decision marked a significant departure from tradition.
Historically, popes have been buried in the Vatican Grottoes beneath St. Peter’s Basilica. The last pontiff to break this custom was Pope Leo XIII, who died in 1903 and was interred at the Basilica of St. John Lateran.

Inside The Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome, Italy | Source: Getty Images
As for St. Mary Major, six popes have been buried there, but the most recent was Pope Clement IX in 1669. Pope Francis’ reasoning for his choice was deeply personal.
“It’s my great devotion,” he said, explaining that before becoming pope, he would visit the basilica on Sunday mornings whenever he traveled to Rome.

Pope Francis meets in St. Peter’s Square, Vatican City, on April 18, 2022 | Source: Getty Images
The site houses the revered Byzantine-style icon known as Salus Populi Romani (Salvation of the People of Rome), which depicts the Virgin Mary holding the infant Jesus.
The Pope has long expressed a special connection to this image, often praying before it after returning from his papal trips. His preference for a final resting place outside the Vatican aligns with his broader emphasis on humility and simplicity.

By November 2024, he had revised the funeral rites that would be used upon his death, streamlining the rituals to highlight his role as a bishop rather than an exalted figure.
The Vatican newspaper L’Osservatore Romano reported that he approved the updated liturgical book on April 29, replacing the previous version last updated in 2000.